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Neonatology and Blood Transfusion (Developments in Hematology and Immunology, Vol. 39)

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Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Symposium on Blood Transfusion, Groningen, NL, Organized by the Sanquin Division Blood Bank North-East, Groningen. It is in many ways fitting that the last of these international symposia on blood transfusion should end with neonatal blood transfusion. The most fragile, least well studied and most at risk population requires special care and concern. We need to expand our knowledge of their unique physiology, biochemical pathways and in planning treatment and interventions, always "do no harm." This proceedings of the last Groningen symposium presents a wealth of information on developmental immunology, the molecular basis of haematopoeisis, physiological basis of bleeding and thrombosis, transfusion risks and benefits and lastly, future therapies. Infants provide us with much to learn but in turn they will be the providers of (through cord blood) and the recipients of (through cellular engineering) the best that science can offe...
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Ototoxicity

Rita M. Schuman Gregory J. Matz Drug-induced inner ear damage is a common finding in present-day medical practice. In many developing countries, where drugs such as the aminoglycosides are frequently prescribed to treat pneumonia, diarrhea, and tuberculosis, the incidence of ototoxicity is high (1). Physicians in practice need to recognize that ototoxic drugs can cause significant auditory and in many instances, poorly recognized, vestibular toxicity. Physicians therefore need to be cognizant of the many categories of drugs that produce ototoxicity. Early examples of drug ototoxicity are arsenic, the salicylates, and quinine. Salicylates, for example, administered in doses in excess of 2,700 mg a day, once commonly used to treat arthritis, were found to cause a transient flat, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. There has never been a case of permanent hearing loss following salicylate use in therapeutic drug dosing; however, most patients experience complete reversal wi...
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Blood Supply of the Heart

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Heart Structure and Blood Supply It seems odd that the tissues making up the heart must have their own separate blood supply. You might think that the torrent of blood rushing through the heart every minute would more than adequately meet the needs of the organ. The walls of the heart, however, consist of layers of specialized muscle. These walls are quite thick—the wall of the left ventricle is often over 1 inch thick. Since the lining of the heart is watertight, the blood cannot seep through the layers of muscle to provide the nourishment essential to these constantly working masses. Blood is carried through the muscle layers that form the heart wall by means of the two coronary arteries. These two small vessels branch off the aorta just after it leaves the heart and curl back across the surface of the chambers, sending twigs through the walls (Fig. 4-1). The coronary arteries are so named because of the supposed resemblance to a crown or “corona” of the little arteries as they...
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