Pediatric History and Physical Examination History

Identifying Data: Patient's name; age, sex. List the
patient’s significant medical problems. Name and
relationship to child of informant (eg, patient, parent, legal
guardian).
Chief Complaint: Reason given for seeking medical care
and the duration of the symptom(s).
History of Present Illness (HPI): Describe the course of
the patient's illness, including when it began and the
character of the symptom(s); aggravating or alleviating
factors; pertinent positives and negatives. Past diagnostic
testing.
Past Medical History (PMH): Past diseases, surgeries,
hospitalizations; medical problems; history of asthma.
Birth History: Gestational age at birth, whether preterm,
obstetrical problems.
Developmental History: Motor skills, language
development, self-care skills.
Medications: Include prescription and over-the-counter
drugs, vitamins, herbal products, homeopathic drugs,
natural remedies, nutritional supplements.
Feedings: Diet, volume of formula per day.
Immunizations: Up-to-date?
Drug Allergies: Penicillin, codeine?
Food Allergies:
Family History: Medical problems in family, including the
patient's disorder. Asthma, cancer, tuberculosis, HIV,
diabetes, allergies.
Social History: Family situation, living conditions,
alcohol, smoking, drugs. Level of education.
Review of Systems (ROS): General: Weight loss or weight gain, fever, chills, fatigue, night sweats. Skin: Rashes, skin discolorations. Head: Headaches, dizziness, seizures. Eyes: Visual changes. Ears: Tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss. Nose: Nose bleeds, nasal discharge. Mouth and Throat: Dental disease, hoarseness, throat pain. Respiratory: Cough, shortness of breath, sputum (color and consistency). Cardiovascular: Dyspnea on exertion, edema, valvular disease. Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. Genitourinary: Dysuria, frequency, hematuria. Gynecological: Last menstrual period (frequency, duration), age of menarche; dysmenorrhea, contraception, vaginal bleeding, breast masses. Endocrine: Polyuria, polydipsia. Musculoskeletal: Joint pain or swelling, arthritis, myalgias. Skin and Lymphatics: Easy bruising, lymphadenopathy. Neuropsychiatric: Weakness, seizures. Pain: Quality (sharp/stabbing, aching, pressure), location, duration

Physical Examination
General appearance: Note whether the patient looks “ill,”
well, or malnourished.
Physical Measurements: weight, height; head
circumference if less than 36 months, body mass index
(BMI). Plot on age-appropriate growth charts.
Vital Signs: Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate,
blood pressure.
Skin: Rashes, scars, moles, skin turgor, capillary refill (in
seconds).
Lymph Nodes: Cervical, axillary, inguinal nodes: size,
tenderness.
Head: Bruising, masses, fontanels.
Eyes: Pupils: equal, round, and reactive to light and
accommodation (PERRLA); extra ocular movements
intact (EOMI). Funduscopy (papilledema, hemorrhages,
exudates).
Ears: Acuity, tympanic membranes (dull, shiny, intact,
infected, bulging).
Mouth and Throat: Mucous membrane color and
moisture; oral lesions, dentition, pharynx, tonsils.
Neck: Thyromegaly, lymphadenopathy, masses.
Chest: Equal expansion, rhonchi, crackles, rubs, breath
sounds.
Heart: Regular rate and rhythm (RRR), first and second
heart sounds (S1, S2); gallops (S3, S4), murmurs (grade
1-6), pulses (graded 0-2+).
Breast: Discharge, masses; axillary masses.
Abdomen: Bowel sounds, bruits, tenderness, masses;
hepatomegaly, splenomegaly; guarding, rebound,
percussion note (tympanic), suprapubic tenderness.
Genitourinary: Inguinal masses, hernias, scrotum,
testicles.
Pelvic Examination: Vaginal mucosa, cervical discharge,
uterine size, masses, adnexal masses, ovaries.
Extremities: Joint swelling, range of motion, edema
(grade 1-4+); cyanosis, clubbing, edema (CCE);
peripheral pulses.
Rectal Examination: Sphincter tone, masses, fissures;
test for occult blood
Neurological: Mental status and affect; gait, strength
(graded 0-5), sensation, deep tendon reflexes (biceps,
triceps, patellar, ankle; graded 0-4+).
Labs: Electrolytes [sodium, potassium, bicarbonate,
chloride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine], CBC
(hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC count, platelets,
differential); X-rays, ECG, urine analysis (UA), liver
function tests (LFTs).
Assessment (Impression): Assign a number to each
problem and discuss separately. Discuss differential
diagnosis and give reasons that support the working
diagnosis; give reasons for excluding other diagnoses.
Plan: Describe therapeutic plan for each numbered
problem, including testing, laboratory studies,
medications.

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